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Prevention and Screening

While nothing can be done to prevent type 1 diabetes, there are steps anybody can take to minimize the risk of developing type 2 diabetes — or manage it after it has already developed.

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Test

It's never too late to steer yourself away from type 2 diabetes. It just requires making some healthy adjustments in your routine. Knowing if you're at risk is a powerful way to start.
Take the Test (Opens in a new tab)
  • magnify_heart-original

    參加篩檢測試

    美國糖尿病協會建議每個人從 45 歲開始每 3 年進行一次篩檢。如果您有超過 1 個風險因素，您的醫生可能會更早或更頻繁地對您進行篩檢。
    尋找篩檢地點 (Opens in a new tab)
  • exercise-original

    經常鍛鍊

    除了讓您感覺健康強壯之外，運動還能幫助您減肥、增加能量、降低血壓、提高高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 膽固醇，並使您的血糖水平保持在正常水平。目前針對成年人的指導方針要求每週約 150 分鐘的中度運動。
  • D2AF796F-E0F3-4740-BD4D-E499FCB0332E-original

    維持健康體重

    維持健康的體重範圍可降低罹患第 2 型糖尿病以及心臟病和中風的風險。即使只是減輕一點體重 （佔體重的 5-7% 或對於 200 磅的人來說為 10-14 磅） 可以顯著降低您罹患第 2 型糖尿病的風險！
  • pear-original

    正確飲食

    均衡、健康的飲食是促進整體健康和控製糖尿病的重要部分。這 糖尿病我的盤子 是如何製作健康、均衡飲食的一個很好的起點。

Prevention

For those with prediabetes, 5-7% weight loss and 150 minutes of exercise per week can reduce your risk of developing diabetes by 58% (71% for people over 60 years old), according to the CDC. Focusing on developing healthy habits can help reduce your risk.
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Avoid or limit highly processed foods
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Choose water over sugary drinks
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Eat a well-balanced diet
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Exercise regularly
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Join a Diabetes Prevention Program
noun drink 1006043
Limit alcohol intake
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Maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI)
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Quit smoking
Remember that small changes can lead to big results. Even adding a few healthier habits can help make an impact and prevent diabetes. Learn more about small changes you can make.

Symptoms

More than 1 in 3 American adults have prediabetes. Of those with prediabetes, more than 80% don’t know they have it. Even people with type 2 diabetes may not know they have diabetes. In fact, about 1 in 5 American adults have type 2 diabetes, but don’t know it. That is why regular screenings are recommended.

It can take many years for symptom of type 2 diabetes to develop and many people may not notice symptoms at all. If you are experiencing any of the problems listed below, it doesn’t necessarily mean you have diabetes. It means it’s a good time to see your healthcare provider to discuss your symptoms and get checked for diabetes.

  • Increased thirst
  • Hunger after eating
  • Frequent urination
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Blurred vision
  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal
  • Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands or feet

Screening for Diabetes

If your healthcare provider wants to determine whether you have diabetes or prediabetes, there are several types of tests that can be run. Sometimes, these same tests are also used to rule out diabetes.
  • A1C_403x268

    糖化血紅素

    A1c 血液檢查可測量血紅素中的糖含量。這是將氧氣輸送到全身的蛋白質。附著有糖的血紅蛋白的正式名稱是 HgbA1c，測試因此而得名。

    血紅素中的糖含量

    • 正常 A1c 水準：低於 5.7%
    • 糖尿病前期：5.7% - 6.4%
    • 2 型糖尿病：6.5% 或以上
  • FPG_403x268

    空腹血糖

    FPG 代表「空腹血糖」。 FPG 測試測量受試者禁食後血液中的葡萄糖水平。

    空腹血糖含量

    • 正常空腹血糖值：99 mg/dL 或以下
    • 糖尿病前期：100 毫克/分升 - 125 毫克/分升
    • 2 型糖尿病：126 mg/dL 或以上
  • OGTT_403x268

    口服糖耐量試驗

    OGTT（口服葡萄糖耐受性測試）分兩個步驟進行。患者在提供空腹血液樣本後，喝一種特殊的葡萄糖混合物，然後在兩小時後提供另一份血液樣本。

    葡萄糖耐受

    • 正常 OGTT 水準為 139 mg/dL 或以下
    • 糖尿病前期：140 毫克/分升 –199 毫克/分升
    • 2 型糖尿病 200 毫克/分升或以上

Find a screening location

Asking your provider for a diabetes or prediabetes screening is a good thing to do when you go for your annual checkup. If you don’t have health insurance or a regular healthcare provider, there are other places you can go for screening.
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The American Diabetes Association’s risk test is online and available to take any time. There are also several community and health organizations throughout Arizona that offer diabetes screening and counseling services—sometimes for free. If you use one of these services and your results show that you have diabetes or are at high risk, you should take that information to your primary care provider (PCP).
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The National Kidney Foundation of Arizona - Free public “Path to Wellness Screenings” are offered throughout the state. Find information, locations, and details on how to register.
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Walgreens Diabetes Screening and Counseling - Get diabetes screenings and information at your local Walgreens Healthcare Clinic. Learn more, find a location, and schedule an appointment.

Risk Factors & Risk Test

There are many things that can make a person more vulnerable to type 2 diabetes. Some are manageable, while others are not. Having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean you’ll develop diabetes. However, it can be helpful to know what healthcare providers look for when they’re screening for diabetes.
  • Parents and/or siblings with diabetes
  • BMI 25+ or 23+ for Asian Americans
  • Lack of physical exercise
  • High blood pressure
  • A history of gestational diabetes or delivering an infant weighing more than nine pounds
  • A history of polycystic ovary syndrome

Certain ethnicities

According to the American Diabetes Association, the rates of diagnosed diabetes within the following communities are:

  • 15.1％

    美洲原住民 / 阿拉斯加原住民

  • 12.7％

    非西班牙裔黑人

  • 12.1％

    西班牙裔

  • 8.0％

    亞裔美國人

  • 7.4%

    非西班牙裔白人